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Author: Laura Patton

Head of Government Affairs, US

Artificial intelligence chatbots are quickly becoming part of everyday life for many young people. According to a Pew Research Center , nearly two thirds of U.S. teenagers have used an AI chatbot, with more than one in four using them daily. Notably, almost 12 percent of teens report turning to these tools for emotional support or advice.

These trends framed the conversation at the tenth annual Science on the Hill event, held in April 2026 at the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Washington. The event brought together scientists, academics, and policymakers to explore how Congress and federal agencies can encourage innovation while safeguarding the public—particularly young people who are increasingly relying on digital tools for connection and support. 

Watch a recording of the event:

Panelists discussed the safety challenges posed by AI chatbots, especially when they are used during moments of vulnerability. Even systems informed by behavioral science can unintentionally provide misleading or harmful advice, raising concerns about their impact on young users’ mental health and social development, panelists shared. Speakers also examined whether heavy reliance on chatbots could affect children’s ability to form healthy, real‑world relationships. 

Another key theme was the gap between where teens are seeking help and how those tools are designed. Researcher participants stated that while general‑purpose platforms like ChatGPT are widely used, they are not built or evaluated as mental‑health supports. Panelists emphasized the importance of helping young people understand both the benefits and limitations of these tools, and of promoting access to evidence‑based, transparent digital resources that foster healthy connection. 

The discussion highlighted a range of potential congressional and federal actions, including regulatory approaches, incentives for responsible product development, and public‑private partnerships. Speakers stressed the need for clear guardrails—such as transparency and accountability standards—that protect users without slowing technological progress that could expand access to care. 

The event concluded with a near 1-hour long Q&A, underscoring strong interest among policymakers and staff in addressing AI’s rapidly evolving role in young people’s lives. Overall, the conversation reinforced the importance of thoughtful, science‑informed policy to ensure innovation in AI serves the public good while keeping safety front and center. 

Find out more and watch the recording of the Science on the Hill 2026 event ‘Help or Hype? How Kids Use AI Chatbots for Mental Health’

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